Metadata is the key in order to understand how search engines are currently working and to understand how to perform good search. Commonly speaking the definition of metadata is data about data.
As an example a librarian is archiving his books by assigning to each of them a reference.
For example the reference "AA1" corresponds to "gone in the wind".
Each web page on the Internet has several metadata such as the "title" of the page "keyword associated to the page" "description" etc etc…
Metadata issues are coming mainly because they are not representing all the data. The best example we can find is the one of images search. Today when typing a request to look for pictures we get as a result a strange cocktail of a bit everything. The reason in this case are a lack of metadata and a use of them which is not appropriate.
As an example most of Internet users are uploading pictures without giving them any names, letting just a number as identifier. This is an incredible amount of data which is unusable.
A query made on Google images with the keyword "P5170009"
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